(G.M.O.) Sugar & Starch
G.M.O. Genetically Modified Organism:
1) Any Organism whose genetic material has been altered using Genetic Engineering Techniques
2) An Organism altered in any way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination(natural bonding at the Atomic level)
Sugar & Starch
Carbohydrates: Biomolecule consisting of: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Atoms. (Biomolecules are only produced by a living organism)
Glucose: A Simple sugar. The most abundant monosaccharide
(Monosaccharides: simple sugars containing only one sugar unit)
The Human body is designed to burn the simple sugar Glucose as fuel.
All other sugars must be converted into Glucose before it can be used as fuel for the Human Body.
When Food enters the stomach it is broken down into it's basic elements.
Glucose is extracted and immediately transported into the blood stream all other elements are sent to the liver for further processing or passes into the large intestines for waste disposal.
Sugar
There are 4 major classes of sugars
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides
*Monosaccharides contain 1 sugar unit
*Disaccharides contains 2 Monosaccharides
*Polysaccharides contains many Monosaccharides bounded by glyosidic links
*Oligosaccharides polymers contain small amount of Monosaccharides bonded by glyosidic links
There are 3 types of Monosaccharides
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Fructose & Galactose must be converted into Glucose before the body can absorb or consume the sugars
1) Glucose simple sugar that contains 1 sugar unit
*Absorbed directly into the blood stream
*Stimulates the release of insulin
*Excess stored as glycogen and stored in liver and muscles for future use
2&3) Fructose & Galactose: simple sugars that raises blood sugar gradually
*Do not immediately stimulate the release of Insulin
*When eaten is absorbed into blood stream without alerting release of insulin
*Liver must convert Fructose into Glucose before it can be used for energy
*Insulin for converted Glucose is never released
*Insulin is needed for Glucose to enter cells
*The ratio of Glucose and insulin is compromised
This confuses the system and insulin levels become out of normal range
This stresses the system causing it to malfunction
We call this Disease
There are 3 classes Disaccharides
Sucrose, Lactose and Maltose
*Disaccharides must first be broken down into it's basic Monosaccharides
*Then broken down into it's basic elements before it can be absorbed into the blood stream
1) Sucrose a compound which is the chief component of Cane or Beet Sugar
2) Common Table Sugar
*Combination of glucose and Fructose
*When the Disaccharides enter the stomach the compound sugar is broken down into it's simple sugars.
*If sugar is Glucose Insulin release is initiated to control Glucose
*If sugar is not Glucose it enters into the bloodstream into the liver
*Liver Converts into Glucose but no insulin is released because the pancreas is the Organ that releases the Hormone Insulin.
*This confuses the system
*Glucose/Insulin level becomes out of normal range
This stresses the system causing it to malfunction
We call this Disease
Glucose is the only sugar that the Human Body will immediately absorb and control blood sugar levels
Starch
Starch: Odorless, Tasteless white substance occurring in plant tissue and obtained chiefly from Cereals, Corn, Rice and Potatoes
*It is a Polysaccharide which functions as a Carbohydrate storage
*It consists of many different sugar units joined by glyosidic bonds
(process used to bond 2 unequal sugar units together)
Starch, unlike Carbohydrates, are NOT water soluble
Peas, Beans, Rice, Potatoes, Corn, Oats, Wheat are some of the Starchy type foods
Starch is sometimes called Complex Carbohydrates because they contain many long chains of sugar molecules bonded together with glucose molecules
*Starch like Sucrose, must be broken down into it's basic elements
*Glucose is immediately absorbed into blood stream while all other sugars go into the liver to be converted into Glucose so it can be absorbed by the cells
*Also like Sucrose, it does not stimulate Insulin release thus sending Glucose/Insulin levels out of normal range.
This stresses the system and causes it to malfunction
We call this Disease